Charlemagne (768-814)
771. dies Charles brother Carloman and Charles alone rule the Frankish (and Galley
Rhineland)
- In a new conflict Pope and the Lombards, stands as the pope's protector and wins
Lombard a Member (the title "King of the Franks and Lombards and the Roman patrician")
successful march the Saxons were forcibly baptized and subdued
- Charles supreme power had to accept Bavaria and Carantania, Slavic
Principality in the Alps, today Carinthia in Austria
- About 800 years. Charlemagne destroyed the Avar state in Pannonia and annexed it to his empire,
together with Croatian and the Principality of Lower Pannonia
- Charles has campaigned against the Spanish Moors, one of which (788) Frankish
army attacked and killed a Basque Breton Margrave Roland (later will occur
popular epic Song of Roland), a limited success
- Capital in Aachen
- The idea of restoration of the Roman Empire, that is. unique country of the Christian world in Byzantium
Government Empress Irene, which is going to marry Charles, on Christmas 800 years. Pope Leo
III. in Rome on the crown of Charlemagne as emperor
- After the overthrow of the Empress Irene (802), the new Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus challenged Karl imperial
address, commences long Frankish-Byzantine war in the Adriatic
- 812 peace in Aachen: Byzantium recognized Charlemagne right to the imperial title and possession of Istria and
Croatian Principality, Byzantium remains the authority over Venice and Dalmatia (cities and
Islands)
- Charles administrative realm is divided into kingdoms (Italy and Bavaria), the county and
Mark (Border counties, for example. The Spanish brand / Catalonia /, Friulian brand
/ Parts of present-day Slovenia and Croatian /, East Mark / Alps and the Danube, the core
the present state of Austria /), some manage Frankish counts, some local
princes who have agreed to be loyal to Karl
- Senior-vassal relations with the wider area around the Carolingian Empire, introduced
indivisible lazy and Frankish law of succession to gradually abolish the principle of Seniority (Eldest son inherits the property)
- The Carolingian Renaissance: restoration of culture and literacy, purifies the Latin language
(Common throughout Western Europe) and the letter (Carolingian minuscule), under
the auspices of the Church (especially the Benedictine order) schools established and prescribed
books, built a large stone church on the model of Roman architecture (pre-romanesque)
- The relationship between government and the Church: Charlemagne is the patron of the papacy, the Church shared possessions and
rebaptizes Gentiles, the papacy admits legitimacy - after Karl will remain
the question of who has the highest authority, the pope or the emperor?
- Charlemagne was illiterate, but he tried to be a sponsor of culture and art, but
surrounded himself with knowledgeable advisors (eg. English monk Alcuin), in the tenth century
Church proclaimed holy because of credit for the spread of Christianity
- Capitulary: written imperial laws that apply to the entire territory of the state, with normal
rights of individual tribes, which apply locally
- Carolingian Empire stretched from the North Sea in the north to the Mediterranean to
and south of the Pyrenees in the west to the Elbe and Danube in the east, encompassing almost the entire western Christian world
Nema komentara:
Objavi komentar